Maximum growth extends to about 2030, and for Norway even later. The latter grows at the same rate as France but continues longer. Finland bears some resemblance to Germany's expectations. Sweden and Denmark bear comparison with West and Central Europe.

To compare with other regions, click on W&CentEur,E&SEur, Balkans.

Lithuania, unlike Eastern Europe sees its future with more optimism after 1990, in stark contrast with its neighbour Latvia which is already reducing its population.

Estonia has reacted favourably to events of 1990 but more modestly than Lithuania.

Poland resembles Germany most closely.